Rastelli Procedure:

The Rastelli method involves placing a synthetic patch over the ventricular septal defect (VSD) in such a way that blood is directed from the left ventricle to the aorta. This permits red blood to reach the body's organs.

Disease Overview:

D-TGA

Dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries, or d-TGA, is a cardiac abnormality in which the major pulmonary artery and the aorta, which carry blood out of the heart, are swapped in position, or "transposed." d-TGA is classified as a serious congenital cardiac problem because a newborn with this condition may require surgery or other interventions soon after birth (CCHD). Congenital refers to something that is present at birth.

Disease Signs and Symptoms:

The following are signs and symptoms of transposition of the great arteries after birth:

• blue skin hue (cyanosis)
• Breathing problems.
• Pulse is weak.
• Appetite deficiency
• Weight growth is poor.

Disease Causes:

Most newborns' congenital cardiac abnormalities, such as d-TGA, have unknown origins. Because of mutations in their genes or chromosomes, some kids are born with congenital cardiac problems. Heart defects may also be caused by a combination of genes and other risk factors, such as what the mother comes into contact with in her environment, what she eats or drinks, or certain medications she takes.

Disease Diagnosis:

This condition can be detected during pregnancy or shortly after birth.

Throughout Pregnancy

The woman can receive screening tests (also known as prenatal testing) throughout her pregnancy to look for birth abnormalities and other disorders. An ultrasound test can be used to identify D-TGA during pregnancy (which creates pictures of the baby). Some ultrasound results may lead a health care professional to believe a baby has d-TGA.

Following the Birth of the Child

Symptoms appear shortly after delivery or at birth. Whether or not there is a mechanism for blood to mingle and oxygen-rich blood to reach the rest of the body will determine how severe the symptoms are. If a newborn with d-TGA also has another defect, such as an atrial septal defect (ASD), the ASD serves as a conduit for oxygen-rich blood to go to the rest of the body.

Pulse oximetry screening for newborns can also identify D-TGA. A easy bedside test to assess the quantity of oxygen in a baby's blood is pulse oximetry. A CCHD can be detected by low oxygen levels in the blood. Some newborns with CCHDs, such as d-TGA, can be identified with newborn screening utilising pulse oximetry before they display any symptoms.

Disease Treatment:

All kids born with d-TGA will need surgery. Other operations may be performed prior to surgery to preserve, expand, or generate holes that enable oxygen-rich blood to leave the body.

Repairing d-TGA may be done in two ways:

Arterial Switch Surgery: This is the most frequent operation, and it is generally performed during the first month of birth. It re-establishes normal blood flow via the heart and throughout the body. The arteries are switched to their normal locations during this procedure, with the pulmonary artery emerging from the right ventricle and the aorta emerging from the left ventricle. The coronary arteries (small blood vessels that provide blood to the heart muscle) must also be relocated and reattached to the aorta.

Atrial Switch Technique: This is a less usual procedure. The arteries are kept intact during this procedure, but a tunnel (baffle) is formed between the heart's upper chambers (atria). This passageway permits oxygen-depleted blood to flow from the right atrium to the left ventricle and then to the lungs through the pulmonary artery. Returning oxygen-rich blood travels from the left atrium to the right ventricle, then out the aorta and into the body. Although this repair aids blood flow to the lungs and subsequently out to the body, it also requires the right ventricle to work harder to pump blood throughout the body. As a result, this fix may cause problems later in life.

Medications may be needed after surgery to help the heart pump better, maintain blood pressure, remove excess fluid from the body, and slow down the heart if it is pumping too quickly. A pacemaker can be used if the heart is beating too slowly.

These procedures do not heal infants, and they may have long-term consequences. A kid or adult with d-TGA will need to see a cardiologist (a heart specialist) on a frequent basis to track their progress and avoid complications or other health issues. Most d-TGA newborns grow up to enjoy healthy, productive lives if they get adequate care.